The laser cleaning processing characteristics and evaluation methods of thermal barrier coating on aeroengine guide blades were studied. The relationship between laser processing parameters such as laser average power, cleaning speed, laser incidence angle, defocus and cleaning quality was discussed. The key factors affecting cleaning quality in laser cleaning processing were invested. The quality evaluation standards of laser cleaning was established based on traditional cleaning methods. The results show that the thermal barrier coating on the surface of turbine guide vane could be effectively removed by nanosecond pulse laser cleaning technology. Through the four dimensions of macro surface cleanliness, macro surface condition, micro surface cleanliness and micro surface condition, the laser cleaning quality of thermal barrier coating on blade surface could be effectively evaluated. Defocus, cleaning speed and incident angle were the three key factors affecting the laser cleaning quality of thermal barrier coating on blade surface. The optimized laser cleaning processing parameters of thermal barrier coating on blade surface were as follows: the average laser power was 340 W, the defocus was 2 mm, the cleaning speed was 3 mm/s, the linear spot width was 8 mm, the incident angle was 90°, and the galvanometer speed was 1 500 mm/s.