In order to meet the demands of diagnosing the characteristics of spatiotemporal evolution of temperature parameters in combustion field, a dynamic three-dimensional radiation thermometry method based on multi-CCD synchronous coupling was proposed. On the basis of multiline-of-sight measurements corresponding to different directions, the segmentation of the combustion field in the form of voxel was conducted by the algebraic reconstruction technique. According to Plank’s radiation law, the standard blackbody radiation source was used to calibrate the mapping relationship of optical and electrical signals, and the three-dimensional temperature field was characterized utilizing colorimetric thermometry. The radiation information of the combustion field in different line-of-sight directions was further obtained synchronously by controlling multi-CCD on the time series. On the basis of the grayscale information in R and G channels, the temperature parameter in the transient combustion field of the candle flame in the laboratory and the exhaust plume of a certain solid rocket motor device were tested. The results showed that the temperature distribution range of the candle flame in the laboratory was from 805.4 K to 1280.8 K. Through the spatiotemporal point verification using a thermocouple, the average error was 3.8%, and the maximum error was 4.36%. The maximum temperature of solid rocket motor device exhaust plume was 2125.7 K, the measurement error of which was within 8% by the verification of near infrared thermometer. The characteristic diagnosis of the three-dimensional temperature parameter in the combustion field could be realized with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution, which provides an effective method for the measurement of temperature parameter of solid rocket motors in the field of aerospace testing.