Laser shock peening is a surface strengthening technology that uses laser beams to modify the surface of metal materials. It has the characteristics of non-contact, strong controllability, and outstanding strengthening effects, and which is widely used in metal surface strengthening. In order to better understand the development status of laser shock peening technology, and promote scientific and technological research and innovative applications development in this field in China, This paper analyzed from multiple dimensions such as the application trends, regional layout, innovation subjects, research topics of global laser shock strengthening patents based on the Incopat patent database. The study found that laser shock peening technology is in an upward cycle of development, with the United States and Japan being important innovation subjects in this field. China has developed rapidly although started relatively late, especially in recent years. The number of patents has gradually dominated, showing strong innovation vitality. However, it is also found that the research subjects are concentrated in universities and research institutes, and the overseas layout is weak, etc. In view of this, this paper proposed development suggestions for laser shock strengthening technology in China.