Phase screen can reflect the change of refractive index correctly. Constructing an accurate atmospheric turbulence phase screen with small calculation amount is the key of numerical simulation. According to the statistical characteristics of turbulence, square atmospheric turbulence phase screen is calculated using fractal model. The simulation results complying with Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence are obtained by analyzing the simulation results and theoretical values of phase structure function. Performance of atmospheric turbulence phase screen simulation based on fractal method is also analyzed. Analysis results show that square atmospheric turbulence phase screen simulation based on fractal method is consistent with the theoretical values in statistical properties. The simulation error of phase screen increases with fractal iterations from the area of low-frequency to the one of high-frequency. With the increasing grid numbers of phase screen, the accuracy of phase screen simulation is reduced. Besides, the number of phase screen needed is increased. As the number of phase screens increases, the simulation accuracies of atmospheric turbulence phase screens with different intensities turn similar.