The effects of laser cladding process parameters on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the laser cladding layer with concave pits on the surface of TA1 titanium plate were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and strong acidic solution corrosion tests. The results show that high or low laser power, slow or fast scanning speed may lead to an increase in defects such as micro pores and microcracks in the laser repair layer. Moreover, higher laser power and slower scanning speeds tend to escalate the corrosion severity of the cladding layer and magnify the morphological difference from the substrate area. To optimize the quality of the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the laser cladding repair layer, a TA1 repair layer prepared with a laser power of 1 800 W, scanning speed of 10 mm/s, spot diameter of 3 mm, and powder feeding rate of 2.5 r/min demonstrated favorable microstructure and corrosion resistance.