Under the consideration of the nonlinearity of the material thermal parameters and heat convective transfer coefficient, a validated three-dimensional numeric modal of laser heat dynamic process was established with base body immersed in the medium surroundings such as air, pure water and 2# martempering oil using air stream for protecting the melten pool, the field of temperature and residual stress of thermal response within different natural cooling media were studied comparatively. The results showed that, the law of the temperature field is essentially consistent with three kinds of surroundings, and the substrate highest temperature appeared in the air. The surface high and low temperature region were effected obviously by oil-cooling and water-cooled respectively; the remelting and heat-affected depth could be controlled effectively by oil-cooled, while larger temperature gradient and cooling rate would be gained within water. Residual stress distribution was affected significantly by medium surroundings. Internal stress of substrate was too large with air-cooled and there was stress concentration at both ends and the tensile stress was main. While substrate thermal stress had been released timely in water and oil surroundings, and water-cooled environment was more effective in reducing the residual stress.