With the development of structural protection design concepts, numerous multicellular filled impact resistant protection structures have gradually emerged. As many studies at home and abroad show, great progress has been made in the strength and vibration characteristics of multicellular filled impact resistant protective structures compared with traditional structures. Meanwhile, the overall optimization direction of such structures has also progressed from traditional linear studies to various nonlinear and multi-material design methods. In this paper, the exposition of various multicellular filled impact resistant protective structures is carried out in terms of mechanical properties, failure modes and protection characteristics. By generalizing the theoretical calculation methods and response characteristics of various multicellular filled impact resistant protective structures, this paper puts forward the development prospects of such structures for use as references in the study of structural forms, optimal design and application directions.