Focusing on the visible polarization reflection characteristics of typical target materials surfaces, the polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function model based on the improved Blinn masking function was established considering the effects of specular reflection, diffuse reflection and volume scattering, which maked up for the defect of traditional "V" masking function. The physical parameters of the target materials were inverted by genetic algorithm, and the visible light polarization characteristics of four target materials, namely polypropylene, 99 alumina ceramic, iron and green painted aluminum, were simulated. Experimental tests validate the model’s accuracy. Results indicate that at an incidence angle of 50°, relative azimuth angles of 90°-270°, and detection angles of 0°-60°, the improved model reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) by 70.61% to 24.73%, with a minimum RMSE of 0.0129. Significant polarization is observed at relative azimuth angles of 120°-240°. The larger the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the complex refractive index of the four materials, the greater the peak value of the degree of polarization. In the visible light band, the wavelength has little effect on the degree of polarization. These findings provide theoretical data supporting the understanding of polarization characteristics in typical target materials.