In optical wireless communication,undesirable channel is the main factor affecting system reliability,and placing an equalizer with opposite channel characteristics at the receiving end can offset the negative impact of the channel on the signal,so as to correct the inter-code crosstalk problem caused by multipath delay and other factors,and enable the signal to be recovered and reconstructed at the receiving end.On the basis of summarizing the research progress of equalization techniques both domestically and internationally,the article compares and summarizes various typical channel equalization techniques for reference,including zero forcing equalization,minimum-mean-square-error equalization,decision feedback equalization,Volterra equalization,etc.In practical applications,appropriate equalizers can be selected based on specific requirements and equalization algorithm characteristics to achieve channel equalization.Finally,the development prospects of channel equalization technology in optical wireless communication are prospected,providing new ideas and reference value for future researchers to explore in this field.