Table-top capillary fast discharge X-ray experiment facility is used to study the X-ray laser amplification by directly fast electric pulse excitation of gases. Due to the characteristics of high voltage, large current, fast pulse, strong disturb and small space available, it is difficult to carry out the high voltage pulse measurement in this setup by a general high voltage non-inductance resistor and single grade voltage-division measuring system. A voltage sensor composed of a kind of high-voltage new insulation structure non-inductance resistor by making slots on the surface of an insulating rod and a two-grade voltage-divider measuring system were developed to accomplish the measurement of the high voltage pulse. The principle of insulation structure of the voltage sensor, the measurement system and the experiment results have been introduced, and the error of the measurement system has also been discussed in detail. Application results indicated that the new voltage-sensor has an advantage of higher potential gradient and smaller inductance simultaneously in air dielectric, and the measurement system has a good anti-disturb ability and smaller firstly-peak measuring error.