The optical properties, fluorescence and phosphorescence, and dynamical gemological characteristics of the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) synthetic diamonds subjected to a multistage treatment process, including highpressure high temperature (HPHT) treatment, high energy electron irradiation, and finally medium-low temperature (500～1 000 ℃) and normal pressure annealing, were investigated by DiamondView^TM instrument and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The results showed that CVD synthetic diamonds treated with EI could display a series of optical defects, such as 470, 489, 492, 504, 509, 580, 741, and 744 nm. More interestingly, these above defects had different temperature tolerance behaviors. At the annealing temperature of 600 ℃, the characteristic peaks at about 489, 492, and 580 nm disappeared. Moreover, approximately 470, 741, and 744 nm characteristic peaks disappeared at the annealing temperature of 900 ℃. The peak about 504 nmcaused by electron irradiation gradually shifted blue to 503.2 during the annealing temperature rising from 500 to 900 ℃. Meanwhile, the NV vacancies in diamonds recombined or escaped during HPHT treatment. However, these NV defects could occur when the diamond was treated with HPHT, irradiation, and finally annealing. Moreover, the NV concentration increased with the increase in annealing temperature. In addition, the diamond changed from colorless after HPHT treatment to blue-green after heavy EI. It can be finally transformed into orange-yellow or pink with the increasing annealing temperature. The NV vacancy generated during annealing was responsible for the orange, yellow, or pink diamond. The result of this work can provide certain reference for the detection and determination of the synthetic properties of diamonds and their corresponding treatment processes, as well as the development of functional materials in related fields.