In order to obtain the movement data of an aircraft, including trajectory, attitude, displacement, deformation and other kinds of movement data of the aircraft structural parts in the flight accurately, an optical and dynamic measurement method is proposed and implemented based on the theory of close-range photogrammetry and stereo vision technology. The main contents of the method are multi-camera self-calibration technique based on close-range photogrammetry, camera dynamic positioning and jitter eliminating in flight technology, rapid acquisition for the trajectory and attitude of rigid structure, precise matching of non-coding landmark array by multi-camera (≥3) collaboration. The simulation results show that the reprojection error of the camera is less than 0.03 pixel, the trajectory and attitude measurement accuracy of the system can be up to 0.01 mm/1 m, and the measurement accuracy of key point displacement and deformation is 0.05 mm/1 m. It demonstrates that the system have met the standards of accuracy and reliability for aircraft testing industry.