In this study, we propose a space four-quadrant concept to realize active positioning guidance and high-speed communication of the space carriers according to the requirement of space precise positioning technology. Four light spots are sequentially obtained in space within fixed time interval using the beam scanning method. The receiving detector sequentially receives the partial energy of the four light spots and calculates the position as well as offset angle of the receiving end with respect to the transmitting center based on centroid calculation. Further, the Monte Carlo method is used to model and simulate the space four-quadrant limited positioning system, and an experimental system is developed to verify and analyze the simulation results. The results denote that the space four-quadrant positioning technology is feasible and can provide technical support for specific space positioning and navigation applications.