Measuring the geomagnetic field in space by emitting electron beams is a new and effective high-precision measurement method of the geomagnetic field, but the emission of electron beams has an impact on the state and safety of the spacecraft. To study the influence, based on the orbit-limited mechanism, the model of spacecraft charging due to high-energy electron beam emission was studied, and the potential balance formula under different initial potentials was derived , and a program was compiled to study the impact of particle beam current, energy, light electron and other factors affecting the spacecraft charging potential. The time-varying law of the charging potential induced by the spacecraft itself or the platform when the spacecraft emits high-energy electron beams is obtained, and the correctness of the simulation results is verified by the partial analytical solution comparison.