Synthetic aperture imaging technology can be used to effectively detect local occluded targets by means of virtual large-size apertures, but the quality of refocused images is greatly reduced when there exist strong backscattering factors in the scene. Aiming at the above problems, a synthetic aperture imaging method based on confocal illumination is proposed, which modulates the illumination source according to the depth information of the scene target distribution, effectively realizes the illuminance difference between the focus surface target and the non-focus surface target, and combines the synthetic aperture imaging refocusing method to achieve high quality reconstruction of locally occluded confocal illumination surface targets. The confocal illumination synthetic aperture imaging system is built by an anti-mirror array, and the confocal illumination refocusing imaging is performed on the specified depth target. The results show that the proposed method can effectively distinguish the intensity of the reflected light from the focal plane and the non-focus surface target in the scene, and can obtain high quality image information of the confocal illumination surface target, and the effect is far superior to those of the existing synthetic aperture imaging methods.