The knowledge points of experiment projects in the original mobile Internet of Things (IoT) technology curriculum are not relevant enough, and the design lacks an overall cognition of system development. In order to support the construction of development framework of mobile IoT systems for students, the application scenario of a mobile IoT intelligent garbage classification system is devised for the basic experiments. The mobile garbage classification attribute database is designed based on the Android development environment, with the aim of cultivating the mobile database design and development abilities of students. The C/S network structure of mobile terminal and garbage sorting terminal is designed through Wi-Fi ESP8266 to cultivate students’ abilities in the system networking design. The data interaction control program of mobile terminal and garbage sorting terminal is designed through the socket technology to cultivate students’ ability of programming in the socket communication technology between heterogeneous platforms, and the system can complete the status monitoring and intelligent control of the garbage sorting terminal on the mobile terminal. The system is easy to debug and has strong portability, which can help students to have a deeper understanding of the architecture of mobile IoT systems, and can be developed in different scenarios.