By means of numerical analysis, based on the coupling wave function, the distribution of pump and output laser power along the fiber has been researched, and the optimal fiber length is calculated. The experimental research of the Nd3+-doped polarization-maintaining fiber laser is reported, which is pumped by 808 nm semiconductor laser. The dichroic mirror of high transission (HT) at 808 nm and high reflection (HR) at 1060 nm is employed to construct the Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity with the vertically-cut fiber cross section (Fresnel reflectivily of 4%). The influences of pump current on output power and polarization characteristic of the laser are studied. The fluorescence spectrum of Nd3+-doped fiber is measured. The maximum output power of the laser is 7.5 W at 1060 nm, and the slope efficiency is 56%.