Uniformly dispersed SiO₂ microspheres were prepared by the improved Stöber method. The effects of different environment temperatures and the dosage of TEOS on the particle size of the microspheres were discussed. The morphology and optical properties of the powder and film were characterized by scanning electron microscope， spectrophotometer， X-ray diffractometer and ultraviolet-near infrared absorption emission spectrometer. The results showed that， with the increase of temperature， the particle size of microspheres decreased； the particle size of microspheres increased with the increase of TEOS concentration； the self-assembly ambient temperature had a certain influence on the quality of photonic crystals， and the quality of silicon dioxide photonic crystal film was the best with the self-assembly temperature of 55 ℃. Under the excitation of 980 nm， the luminescence test was carried out on the up-conversion film，spin-coated on the glass substrate and photonic crystal， and the emission intensity of red light and green light was enhanced by 1.72 times and 1.93 times， respectively. This was because the photonic crystal surface with a band gap in the excitation light band had a high photon density of states， which could enhance the electromagnetic field strength around the luminescent particles， increase the probability of electronic transition， and thus enhance the fluorescence intensity.