Distributed power trading is emerging as a future trend in power-energy transactions. Blockchain, by leveraging its technological characteristics, provides a solution to the issues of lack of regulatory mechanisms, high transaction costs, and unclear information rules in distributed power trading. However, as the scale of distributed power trading gradually increases, the throughput of blockchain systems decreases, indirectly limiting the transaction speed of distributed power trading. To address this issue, this paper proposes an efficient and secure blockchain consensus algorithm tailored to distributed power trading. The algorithm is based on the historical transaction characteristics of nodes in the distributed power trading network, using clustering algorithms to organize the consensus network into a dual-layer network structure with multiple consensus sets and employing a dual-layer consensus process to enhance consensus parallelism. Simultaneously, an efficient leader-node election strategy within a single consensus set is designed, allowing for the rapid selection of high-performance leaders. Finally, an authentication method combining zero-knowledge proofs and key sharing is introduced to further reduce the likelihood of malicious nodes participating in the consensus. The experimental results show that the anti-Byzantine node count of the proposed consensus algorithm can resist various blockchain attacks such as double flower attacks, significantly reduce consensus communication overhead and latency, and effectively improve system throughput.