With the continuous rise of myopia，the prevention and control of myopia has become a hot spot in the field of ophthalmology. A large number of clinical studies and experiments have confirmed that atropine has significant clinical significance in the prevention and control of myopia in children. Atropine eye drops are still the only drugs that can effectively delay the progression of myopia verified by evidence-based medicine.However，the mechanism of action of atropine is not very clear，and there are large individual differences in drug efficacy and adverse reactions. The related clinical experimental studies of atropine in recent years was combined，and the mechanism of myopia prevention and control of atropine，drug concentration efficacy，adverse reactions and so on were summarized