Sport plays a unique role in promoting cultural exchange and mutual learning, and is an important field for implementing the Global Civilization Initiative. Therefore, based on the longitudinal tracing of the concept of"civilization" and the horizontal network of the concept of "sport civilization", this study analyzes the basic concepts of "mutual learning", "civilization mutual learning" and "mutual learning in sport civilization". Through the practice of "mutual learning in sport civilization" based on typical cases, it clarifies the connotation essence of"mutual learning in sport civilization". On this basis, the logical pathways for the establishment of "mutual learning in sport civilization" is analyzed and revealed from three dimensions: premise, foundation and conditions. The proposition includes breaking down the stereotype of civilization comparison through civilization equality, dissolving civilization barriers through civilization dialogue, and transcending civilization conflicts through civilization exchanges.