The concentric ring microphone arrays are widely used in acoustic imaging array systems, which can effectively suppress the interference and determine the location of sound sources. Under the conditions of limiting the number of array elements, the maximum aperture of the array and the minimum array element spacing, a method to design the broadband low-sidelobe concentric ring microphone array using the particle swarm algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this method, by constructing a fitness function reflecting the side lobe level of the broadband signal in the scanning area, and using the radius of the ring and the deflection angle of the array elements as the joint optimization parameters, the rapid optimization solution of the array is realized based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The simulation experiments show that the overall side lobe level of the optimized array obtained by the proposed method is lower than that obtained by taking the highest side lobe level as the fitness function, and also lower than the optimal array obtained by optimizing only the radius of the ring, which demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimization method.