This paper starts from the development trend and research background of ultraviolet (UV) optical communication technology,for the application requirements of target localization in specific environments,a method based on single scattering of polarized ultraviolet light to achieve non-line-of-sight target localization is proposed by combining the vibration direction characteristics of polarized light.Firstly,based on the UV atmospheric scattering transmission characteristics,a polarized UV non-line-of-sight single scattering model is established,and the polarization scattering propagation characteristics of ultraviolet light is derived by the method of matrix optics.The relationship between the received light intensity and azimuth angle and distance between transmitter and receiver is established.Then,the Matlab software is used to simulate and analyze the effect of transmitter and receiver elevation angle and field of view angle on the received light intensity and azimuth angle measurement range,and the suitable transmitter and receiver elevation angle and field of view angle are selected.The azimuth angle of the target is obtained according to the change of the light intensity of the received signal with the azimuth,and the distance between transmitter and receiver is calculated.In theory,the feasibility of the system is verified,and the simulations and analyses of each error influence are carried out.At a distance of 500 m,the distance measurement error is 25.3 m when the transmitter and receiver elevation angle deviates 3° (preset value 25°).The influence of noise on the light intensity leads to the azimuth angle determination error to have a small effect on the ranging error,but the azimuth angle determination error of 3° can cause a lateral deviation error of 26.2 m from the true position at a distance of 500 m,thus improvement measures are proposed.The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for expanding the functions and practical applications of UV optical communication systems and have certainguiding significance.