For improving the machining precision and surface integrity of hard and brittle materials in rotary ultrasonic grinding, the influence of bond patterns of tools on working performance was analyzed. First, the bonding patterns between diamond particles and bonds in ceramics-bonded, iron-bonded and bronze-bonded tools were investigated by energy spectral analysis, and bonding strength was confirmed according to the tool wear of the same process parameters. Based on results above and the characteristics of ultrasonic vibration tool, the relationship between bond patterns and cutting force, tool wear, surfaces integrity was studied by rotary ultrasonic grinding machining experiments. Experimental results indicate that average cutting force in Z axis is 46.8 N and the tool wear of after removing 18 000 mm3 is 0.1 mm by iron-bonded ultrasonic vibration tool, they are smaller than those of ceramics-bonded and bronze-bonded tools. However, the ceramics-bonded ultrasonic vibration tool is the best one, and its surface roughness is 21.79 μm. These results prove that the iron-bonded ultrasonic vibration tool is suitable for rough maching and the ceramics-bonded ultrasonic vibration tool is favourable to finish maching.