High-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is one of the main light sources for optical communication. Driven by the rapid growth of data traffic, the high-speed VCSEL is developing towards larger bandwidth and higher bit rate. By optimizing the epitaxy design and the growth of VCSELs, the design and the fabrication of VCSELs, and the high-frequency characterization techniques, much remarkable progress of high-speed VCSELs with different wavelengths have been achieved in modulation bandwidth, transmission rate, mode, power consumption in Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Machanics and Physics (CIOMP). The research progress of high-speed VCSELs includes: high-speed single-mode 940 nm VCSEL with 27.65 GHz modulation bandwidth and 53 Gbit/s transmission rate; 200 Gbit/s optical link based on 850 nm, 880 nm, 910 nm and 940 nm high-speed VCSELs via wavelength division multiplexing; ultra-low power consumption as low as 100 fJ/bit of high-speed VCSEL via optimization of photon lifetime; 1030 nm high-speed VCSEL with 25 GHz modulation bandwidth; 1550 nm high-speed VCSEL with 37 Gbit/s transmission rate. The developed high-speed VCSELs have important application prospects in optical communication.