The non-magnetic material closed optical quantum well structures and magnetic material optical quantum well structures are designed based on the non-magnetic material open optical quantum well structures. The transmission spectra and field distributions of these three kinds of wells are calculated by finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), the quantized energy states are researched, and the feasibility of enhancing spectral intensity greatly by self-structure is disclosed. It is found that the optical transmittance of the magnetic quantum well is close to 1, and energy loss is less. Compared with the closed photonic quantum well structures, the device′s volume can be reduced, the degree of free regulation of energy band project can be increased, and more photon bound states can be obtained. The results show that the open optical quantum well is traveling wave well, and its capability of capturing photons is weak. But the closed quantum well and the magnetic material optical quantum well are standing wave well, the capabilities for them to capture photons are strong, while the light field gradient of the magnetic material optical quantum well is bigger.