The aerospace honeycomb sandwich structure has a harsh service environment, and it is necessary to develop the corresponding structural health monitoring technology to ensure the safe operation of the structure.Debonding damage is difficult to monitor because it occurs in the internal adhesive layer.In this study, a distributed optical fiber sensor embedded in the adhesive layer is used to monitor the debonding damage of the honeycomb sandwich structure.In the embedded damage-monitoring test, the use of high-strength optical fibers and shallow boundary grooves improves the survival efficiency of the sensor and obtains the characteristics of the debonding damage strain.Using parametric modeling, a large number of finite element simulations were conducted at different damage locations.After adding white noise, 13 500 sets of data containing debonding damage characteristics were acquired.Substituting the simulated data into a convolutional neural network for training, the trained network achieved an accuracy of 98.84% in identifying the experimental damage data.In the current study, this method can identify 20 mm2 debonding damage, with an average positioning error of less than 4 mm.