In space exploration and high-speed target recognition, CMOS image sensors are required to maintain wide-field imaging with full windows while enabling regions of interest to be read out at high frame rates. However, conventional CMOS image sensors with windowing functions offer only single-window random windowing capabilities. Moreover, their frame rates cannot be increased easily, thus challenging the fulfilment of development requirements for future target tracking, pattern recognition, and space star sensor systems. Hence, utilizing a process platform for a 0.13 μm CMOS image sensor, we develop a CMOS image sensor with a high frame rate and resolution to support random windowing, anti-glare, and anti-radiation functions. This image sensor adopts a rolling shutter mode, with an effective pixel array size of 1024 × 1024, a spectral response range of 400~900 nm, a dynamic range of 68 dB, and multiwindow random windowing and anti-radiation capabilities. Compared with conventional CMOS image sensors, the frame rate of the random windowing CMOS image sensor developed in this study can be increased by increasing the window size, thereby enabling the capture of rapidly traversing objects while preventing blurring and reducing motion artifacts.