Vitamin E doped modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (VE/UHMWPE) has important applications in the medical field. Artificial joints formed by compression molding of VE/UHMWPE powder have been clinically used, and the antioxidant properties of VE have extended the implantation time of this type of artificial joint in vivo. Therefore, studying the amount of VE added in VE/UHMWPE powder has crucial guiding significance for protecting artificial joints. This paper investigated a method for rapid quantitative analysis of VE in VE/UHMWPE powders by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Five VE/UHMWPE powders with different VE concentrations were made into discs of different thicknesses using the hot press method, and infrared testing was performed in transmission mode. All spectral data of the samples were analyzed and studied by OMNIC. The characteristic peaks of VE located at 1 210 and 1 260 cm^-1 were used as target peaks, and the absorption peaks at 2 020 and 1 360 cm^-1 in UHMWPE were used as reference peaks, calculating I_{1 210/2 020}, I_{1 260/2 020}, I_{1 210/1 360} and I_{1 260/1 360}, respectively, and statistically analyzed. The precision and repeatability of results were determined using relative standard deviation (RSD). The results indicated that: sample preparation with 40~80 mg of powder gave the best results, with RSD values <5% in the repeatability test; the I_{1 210/1 360} index was used as the evaluation parameter for quantitative analysis with the best accuracy and RSD value <3%. The method provides a reference for the application of rapid nondestructive testing of the actual VE content in VE/UHMWPE powders.