Femtosecond laser direct writing technology has been extensively used for the preparation of functional microfluidic chips because of ultrashort pulse duration and extremely high peak intensity of femtosecond lasers. This study summarizes the following three research directions based on the direct writing technology of femtosecond lasers for microfluidic chips: the integration technology of functional devices fabricated by femtosecond lasers in microfluidic chips with different materials, the multi-functional applications of microfluidic chips integrated by femtosecond lasers, and the rapid processing of microfluidic chips using femtosecond lasers. Furthermore, according to the summaries on the research results of femtosecond laser direct writing technology in the field of microfluidics, this study provides a reference for the research, application, and future development of the microfluidic chips prepared using femtosecond laser direct writing technology.