With the SYSWELD finite element code,a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to apply for analysis of overlapping laser surface melting on roller. The thermal circle and temperature rate of overlapping laser melting were investigated and the phase transformation and residual stress fields were analyzed. It is found that overlapping area becomes second melted and the boundary of overlapping area exists tempering for twice laser scanning after overlapping laser surface melting on roller. With the increase of the overlapping ratios,the width of the laser melted layer becomes smaller,while the martensite contents are independent on the overlapping ratios and exceeds 90% in the melt-hardened zone. The residual stress distributed within the melt-hardened zone is mainly of the compressive type,while there is the tensile stress in the heat-affected zone. The tensile stress cannot be eliminated by changing overlapping ratios,but the tensile stress amplitude can be reduced by choosing the proper overlapping ratios. The ideal stress distribution can be obtained by choosing 3 mm overlapping ratio under these experimental conditions. The comparisons between the calculated results with the experimental measured values show a good agreement for axis residual stresses.