Large-aperture optical telescopes are important for the development of the future deep-space detection technology, and their performance improvement will lead to higher requirements for the measurement and suppression of optical axis jitter. In this context, this article summarizes literature on jitter measurement and suppression techniques, published domestically and internationally, covering contact and noncontact measurement methods, suppression techniques for vibration source equipment, transmission pathways, and optical loads, and system integration analysis techniques. The analysis of the current research status regarding jitter measurement and suppression reveals that current research primarily focuses on local experiments or simulations, lacking a comprehensive system solution; hence, it is proposed that integrated analysis methods combined with measurement and suppression technology will become a future research hotspot.