Herein, we report a high-peak-power Er∶ZBLAN fiber amplifier at 2.8 μm that is seeded by an NPR mode-locked Er∶ZBLAN fiber laser with a pulse width of 240 fs and a peak power of 3.1 kW at 54.3 MHz. A numerical simulation of the model amplifier based on a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation is used to analyze its operation and demonstrate the soliton self-compression process. We experimentally obtain the amplified pulses with a pulse width of 110 fs and a peak power of 151 kW. Our results show that self-compression amplification is a reliable method for producing high-peak-power mid-infrared ultrashort pulses at 2.8 μm. In future, higher-peak-power pulses are expected from the Er∶ZBLAN fiber amplifier through dispersion management and system optimization.