As a crucial branch of clinical medicine, ophthalmology bears the responsibility of preventing visual impairments and safeguarding ocular health. With the intensification of population aging and the widespread use of electronic devices, the incidence of eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy has been rising annually. The quality of ophthalmic care directly impacts patients' visual function and quality of life. This paper systematically reviews research progress in ophthalmic medical quality control across three dimensions—structure indicators, process indicators, and outcome indicators—both domestically and internationally. International experience reveals that developed countries have established evidence-based, multi-dimensional quality control systems supported by information technology to enable dynamic monitoring and continuous improvement. In contrast, while China's ophthalmic quality control framework has gradually improved under policy guidance, challenges such as insufficient standardization of indicators and weak data integration capabilities persist. Based on these observations, this paper proposes recommendations to advance the standardization of ophthalmic quality control metrics, strengthen the development of information technology platforms, and establish a collaborative mechanism involving third-party oversight and institutional self-assessment. These suggestions aim to provide insights for optimizing the quality of ophthalmic medical care in China.