We develop optical fiber nanoprobe by spark fused taper and acid corrosion methods. By coupling with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gold nanoparticles are solidified onto the surface of fiber optic and then the optical fiber sensor is prepared using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurement of the cell solution. The SERS of the esophagus cancer cell solution is then measured by direct detection and fiber detection methods, and the relationship between SERS fiber detection and the length of optical fiber ensor is studied. This is helpful for the SERS measurement of tissues and organs using the optical fiber sensor.