In order to achieve robust and efficient tracking of a battleplane with strong flexibility,a novel tracking method based on a new similarity measure of gradient features and adaptive sizing of target is proposed in this paper.The similarity measure of gradient features is based on Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) by the introduction of matching power template,which is obtained by the transformation of target template.Using the characteristic of local superiority of target gradient feature,the probability distributing of gradient transformation is used to estimate target size.And then adjusting the size of target template is performed efficiently according to the estimate result while tracking.The results of experiment over real-world sequences show that the proposed tracker is robust to the rapid changes in viewpoint,pose and scale by the battleplane while moving flexibly.