This article analyzes the mechanical performance of prefabricated building structures under horizontal loads, using quasi-static tests to simulate seismic horizontal loads. MTS hydraulic servo actuators are used to load the building structure, and strain gauges and displacement gauges are used to measure the displacement and stress data information of the building structures. It has been concluded that under horizontal loads, prefabricated building structures are subject to bending failure, with crack widths exceeding the limits, and the crack resistance performance of the building structure decreasing to varying degrees..