To investigate the impact of potato virus Y (PVY) on the diversity of bacterial communities and the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil, this study utilized 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology. We analyzed the differences in the composition and diversity of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities before and after PVY infection in potato plants and elucidated the changes in the molecular ecological network of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. The results indicated that PVY infection significantly altered the abundance of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities, although there was no significant change in species diversity. Molecular ecological network analysis revealed that, compared to healthy plants, the nodes and links in the bacterial network of the rhizosphere soil of PVY-infected plants were reduced, with lower network density, clustering coefficient, and average connectivity. Mantel analysis showed that soil moisture content, available phosphorus, and readily available potassium were the main factors influencing the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities in the Shimen region (P<0.05). In summary, PVY disrupted the interactions between bacterial community species, and these findings are of significant importance for understanding the mechanisms of interaction between PVY and bacterial communities.