Flash photography is an important diagnostic technique for transient processes such as high-speed collisions and explosions. Conventional flash photography systems use enhanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (ICMOS) cameras coupled with light cones as imaging devices, which have the advantages of small size, low weight, and fast imaging speed. However, the coupling of light cones can introduce complex image distortion, thereby reducing the imaging performance. In this study, based on the image distortion characteristics caused by the coupling of light cones in ICMOS cameras employed in flash photography systems, an efficient distortion correction method is proposed. In particular, variable step field-of-view segmentation is performed on image edges based on a field-of-view segmentation model to solve the problem of poor edge correction caused by insufficient edge feature points in images. Experimental results show that compared with existing methods, the proposed method reduces the root mean square error and maximum residual error of the corrected image by 17.8% and 70.2%, respectively. In addition, the proposed variable step field-of-view segmentation method has higher accuracy than existing methods for correcting image distortion caused by ICMOS-coupled light cones.