Laser cladding technology was used to prepare Ni/WC-based cladding layers with varying CeO₂ contents to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 45 steel surfaces. The effect of CeO₂ addition on the properties of the cladding layer was also explored. The cladding layer was characterized using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microhardness testing, friction and wear testing, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that an appropriate amount of CeO₂ improves the forming quality of the cladding layer, reduces the pore defects, and enhances its wear and corrosion resistance. When the mass fraction of CeO₂ is 2%, pore defects nearly disappear, and the cladding exhibits the highest hardness, along with the best wear and corrosion resistance. However, an excessive CeO₂ content negatively influences the cladding layer's formation and performance.