As a new type of optical fiber sensing technology, the optical fiber laser sensing system combines the advantages of fiber sensors of high sensitivity, distributed measurement capability and less susceptible to electromagnetic interference, with the advantages of fiber lasers of narrow linewidth and high optical signal to noise ratio, so it is used in measurement and security monitoring in the field of oil, mining, bridges, electricity, aircraft and so on. The research progress of optical fiber laser sensing system is introduced from two aspects. One is the optical fiber laser sensing system for the single-parameter measurement, including temperature, strain, refractive index, current, acoustic wave, wind speed and so on; the other is the optical fiber laser sensing system for the dual-parameter measurement, which is mainly used to solve the problem of cross sensitivity of temperature and transverse stress, strain and refractive index.