This study proposes a kind of polymer optical fiber doped with organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum dots for rapid and sensitive temperature sensing in high-conformity interactive scenarios. In the polymer optical fiber, methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr₃) is encapsulated as the core with high-refractive-index polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), to enhance the stability of MAPbBr₃ quantum dots, and at the same time, low-refractive-index PDMS is used as the cladding to improve the sensor's photoluminescence collection efficiency. The experimental results show that the polymer optical fiber has a diameter of up to 1120 µm, a fracture strain exceeding 150%, and a mechanical strength exceeding 2.84 MPa, exhibiting characteristics of miniaturization and stretchability. The sensor leverages the temperature dependence of the fluorescence quenching efficiency of MAPbBr₃ quantum dots, demonstrating a temperature sensitivity of -1.314%℃^-1 within the range of 25 ℃–85 ℃, with a response time of only 4.5 s. Finally, studies on body temperature detection at different parts of the human body successfully validate the sensor's capability for rapid and sensitive temperature change detection. The research results provide a foundation for the subsequent realization of a low-cost, easy-to-fabricate, wearable device for real-time monitoring human body temperature.