To improve the surface anti-reflection performance of titanium alloy, femtosecond laser processing technology was used to process anti-reflection microstructures on the surface of titanium alloy. It was shown that the multiple-scale micro-nanostructures generated on metal surfaces after femtosecond laser ablation, the micrometer-scale light-trapping structures, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), and nanoparticles. The micrometer-scale light-trapping structures increase the number of reflections of the incident light waves, LIPSS help to couple the incident electromagnetic light waves, and the nanoparticles significantly absorb the light intensity. The optimal process parameters for femtosecond laser processing of titanium alloy anti-reflective microstructures were investigated.Results indicated that microstructures produced with a laser processing power of 5 W, scanning speed of 1 000 mm/s, and scanning spacing of 30 μm exhibited uniform and regular surface morphology. The average groove depth was 47.922 μm, and the reflectivity of these microstructures in the mid-infrared band (3 μm5 μm) was reduced to below 3.5%.