With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to food safety issues, and counterfeit wine is an inescapable topic in food safety. The rapid and accurate identification of different brands of wine has great reality for counterfeit wine identification and food safety. Based on this, a method for rapid identification of different brands of white wine by XGBoost algorithm combined with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was proposed. The laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to collect the fluorescence spectrum of liquor, and then the raw spectrum data of the obtained liquor was identified by XGBoost algorithm. The experiments took 40° and 45° liquor as the research object, selected 6 kinds of wine samples, collected 40 sets of spectra for each wine sample, randomly selected 30 sets for XGBoost model training, and the remaining 10 groups were used for training good model test. In the experiment, the training time of the XGBoost algorithm is 0.172 s, and the trained model test recognition rate is 98.33%. The experimental results show that the XGBoost algorithm combined with laser-induced fluorescence technology can quickly and accurately identify different brands of liquor.