The basic carrier of grain production is farmland. The rapid and accurate acquisition of non-agricultural information of farmland is of great significance to the management of farmland resources and the implementation of related policies. In order to explore the non-agricultural changes of farmland in Shangnan County in recent 10 years， Google Earth Engine （GEE） was used as the platform， random forest method was used for classification， and temporal and spatial distribution information of farmland in Shangnan County in 2010， 2015 and 2020 was obtained based on multi-temporal Landsat remote sensing images. By means of land transfer matrix， geographic detector technique and grid element method， the important characteristics and driving factors of non-agricultural farmland in Shangnan County were analyzed. The results showed that： （1）The random forest method based on GEE platform could effectively obtain farmland information in Shangnan County， the overall accuracy of land use classification was higher than 88%， and the Kappa coefficient was greater than 0.85. （2） The spatial distribution of farmland in Shangnan County is uneven， mostly distributed in the central and southeastern regions， the farmland area is decreasing continuously， and the non-agricultural development is showing a trend of increasing. The non-agricultural type of farmland is mainly garden land， and the conversion land is mainly concentrated in the central and southeastern areas of Shangnan County. （3） Natural and social factors have a common driving effect on the non-agricultural conversion of farmland， and natural factors are the prerequisite for the non-agricultural conversion of farmland， and the influence of human activities on the non-agricultural conversion of farmland under the limitation of natural factors can be reflected by social factors. The main natural driving factor of farmland non-agricultural transformation in Shangnan County is soil type， and the social factor from road distance has the greatest influence on the transformation of farmland non-agricultural transformation， indicating that the suitable soil type and rapid economic development have a greater impact on the farmland non-agricultural transformation in Shangnan County.