Lattice structures possess well load-bearing and energy absorption properties, which are widely used in biomedical, vehicle engineering, aerospace, and other relative fields. In this work, a series of uniform and grade lattice structures were fabricated via topology optimization design and Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Also, their surface morphology, compressive deformation behavior, and energy absorption properties were investigated. The results show that the SLM technology has the ability to fabricate micro-struts and can fabricate lattice structures with a minimum relative density of 0.20. The compressive deformation mechanism of the uniform lattice structures is the overall elastic buckling firstly and then achieving densification, while the compressive deformation mechanism of the grade lattice structures is the deformation compaction layer by layer to achieve densification. The energy absorption of the lattice structure is proportional to relative density while have not relationship with the structural type. The energy absorption efficiency is affected by the density distribution of lattice structures, and grade lattice structures have higher energy absorption efficiency than the uniform ones.