In ophthalmic surgical interventions for ocular diseases, astigmatism correction serves as a critical determinant in enhancing postoperative visual quality. Aphakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) and phakic intraocular lenses, as key ophthalmic lenses for astigmatism correction, are widely applied and each has its own functional characteristics. Aphakic IOLs, employed post-cataract extraction, replaced the excised opaque crystalline lens to address astigmatism induced by lens absence. In contrast, phakic IOLs were indicated for patients with preserved crystalline lens function yet requiring astigmatic correction, thereby maintaining natural accommodative capabilities. The evolution and clinical implementation of these ophthalmic lenses had diversified therapeutic options for astigmatism management in ocular surgery, substantially improving patients' visual outcomes. However, limited by their respective unique design requirements and application scenarios, these two types of ophthalmic lenses still have certain limitations in complex clinical situations, such as problems like position displacement and tissue compatibility. In order to break through the existing predicament, future research needs to further enhance the correction effect of the lenses while reducing the risk of complications.