This paper provided both the simulation and experiment results of the laser shock adjust surface residual stress (principal stress) state. Based on ABAQUS, we established the finite element analysis model of laser impinging on 5b05 aluminum alloy, and studied the relationship between different laser shock parameters and alloy’s surface residual stress state. The simulation results show that with the increase of the number of shocks the surface residual stress rise gradually. When the number of shocks is 3, the residual stress did not rise obviously. This indicates that the surface residual stress is becoming saturated. When shock pressure is constant, the surface residual stress rise with spot diameter, when the Radius of light spot increased to a certain degree the growing rate of surface peak residual compressive stress could reach minimum and stay almost constant. Compare the results of experiment and simulation we found that although the experimental value and the simulation results has certain error, the trend is almost the same, this illustrate that the model we have established is available.