The massive data processing tasks in the era of big data and the development of artificial intelligence technology have produced explosive demand for computility. Due to the constraints of integrated circuit technology and Von Neumann architecture, it is difficult for traditional electronic computing systems to improve their computility and computing speed qualitatively. The lack of computility has become the bottleneck of the development of artificial intelligence technology, and the focus of new computing paradigms has changed from basic research to an urgent actual requirement. The characteristics of optical computing systems such as high speed, high parallelism, and low power consumption meet the requirements of the ideal computing paradigm. In this paper, the optical computing system based on metasurface with high design freedom and powerful functions, which conveniently to realize mathematical operations including convolution, differentiation, and integration. We carry out comparative studies in the field of artificial intelligence and deep learning, such as edge detection, pattern recognition, image processing, etc. The feasibility of metasurface optical computing system instead of electronic computing system is demonstrated.