In order to study the influence of matrix temperature state on the surface quality of workpieces during the interaction process between additive and subtractive manufacturing, the additive workpieces with different cooling time are milled, and the surface roughness, surface morphologies, surface residual stress, surface microstructures and surface hardness of workpieces are tested. When the workpiece is milled at a matrix temperature of 482 ℃, its surface roughness is about 2.226 μm. The surface has the defects of pits and protrusions, the residual stress is the residual tensile one, and the hardness of the top deposited layer is about 200 HV. When the workpiece is milled at matrix temperatures of 205 ℃ and 164 ℃, its roughness is reduced to 1.192 μm and 0.844 μm, respectively. The surface morphology is composed of uniform milling textures. The surface residual stress is transformed from the residual tensile one to the residual compressive one, and the hardness of the top deposited layer is 309 HV and 286 HV, respectively. The results show that, with the decrease of matrix temperature, the surface roughness of the workpiece decreases, the surface defects are reduced, the surface residual stress is converted from the residual tensile one to the residual compressive one, the hardness increases, and the surface quality improves.